在过去的几年中,格鲁吉亚成为许多中国夫妇寻求代孕的热门目的地,这主要得益于其相对宽松的法律环境和相对较低的费用,自1997年以来,捐卵和商业代孕在格鲁吉亚就是合法的。
在格鲁吉亚,如果孩子是由代孕母亲所生,法律规定预期父母而不是代孕母亲将被登记为孩子的法律父母。即使代孕母亲所怀的胚胎是由不孕不育夫妇从捐赠者处获得的精子或卵子培育而成,预期父母仍将被视为孩子的合法父母。在孩子出生后,出生证明将在一天内签发,并将预期父母登记为父母。因此,代孕母亲所生孩子的出生证明与其他孩子的出生证明无异。预期父母作为婴儿的法定父母登记无需代孕母亲的同意。为婴儿登记预期父母只需提供以下文件:代孕协议、试管婴儿诊所出具的胚胎转移证明、妇产医院的分娩证明。此签发出生证明的程序简便,通常不需要单独聘请律师进行处理。
Law of Georgia on Health Care
Article 141
Fertilisation with a donor’s sperm shall be allowed:
a) due to infertility, if there is a risk of transmitting a genetic disease from the husband to the child, or for fertilisation of a single woman, if a written consent of the infertile couple or the single woman has been obtained. If a child is born, the infertile couple or the single woman shall be deemed as parents, with the responsibilities and authorities proceeding from this fact. The donor shall not have the right to be recognised as the father of the born child;
b) (Deleted)
Law of Georgia No 3553 of 21 July 2010 – LHG I, No 46, 4.8.2010, Art. 282
Article 143
1. In vitro fertilisation shall be allowed:
a) to treat infertility, if there is a risk of transmitting a genetic disease from the wife or the husband to the child, using the gametes or embryo of the couple or a donor, if a written consent of the couple has been obtained;
b) if a woman does not have an uterus, by transferring the embryo obtained as a result of fertilisation to the uterus of another women (‘surrogate mother’) and growing it there; obtaining a written consent of the couple shall be obligatory.
2. If a child is born, the couple shall be deemed as parents, with the responsibilities and authorities proceeding from this fact; the donor or the ‘surrogate mother’ shall not have the right to be recognised as a parent of the born child.
Article 144
It shall be possible to use male and female gametes or embryos that have been conserved by freezing for the purpose of artificial fertilisation. The time of conservation shall be determined according to the couple’s will, under the established procedure.
第141条
1. 允许与供体精子受精:
a) 因为基因遗传疾病的风险有可能来自于捐赠者男性或被捐赠的单身女性,所以须获得不孕夫妇或单身女性的书面同意。一旦孩子出生,不孕夫妇或单身女性则被认定为父母,负有相应的责任和权利。捐赠者则无权在授精问题上被认定为孩子的父亲。
b)撤销 (2017年7月21日,N3553,自2010年12月1日起投入使用)
第143条
1.允许体外受精
a)为了治疗不孕不育,如果潜在父母一方存在遗传病风险,使用潜在父母生物材料生成胚胎移植代母体内,须取得潜在父母书面同意。
b)如果潜在母亲没有子宫,则通过将受精的胚胎转移到任何代母(代孕母亲)子宫中发育。 必须经过潜在父母书面同意;
第144条
为了人工受精的目的,可以使用雌雄性染色体或冷冻保存的胚胎,保存时间是由潜在父母的意愿及代孕具体情况决定。